Ch69. Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis

Ch69. Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis

Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in Racehorses
  1. Rooney J, Genovese RL: A survey and analysis of bowed tendon in Thoroughbred racehorses, J Equine Vet Sci 2:49, 1981.
  2. Dowling BA, Dart AJ, Hodgson IR, et al: Superficial digital flexor tendonitis in the horse, Equine Vet J 32:369, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Dyson S: Personal communication, 2000.
  4. Avella CS, Ely ER, Verheyen KLP, et al: Ultrasonographic assessment of the superficial digital flexor tendons of National Hunt racehorses in training over two racing seasons, Equine Vet J 41:449, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Reef V: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, Saunders.
  6. Palmer S, Genovese R, Longo K, et al: Practical management of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in the performance horse, Vet Clin North Am Equine Practice 10:425, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Genovese R: Unpublished data, 2001.
  8. Chesen AB, Dabareiner RM, Chaffin MK, et al: Tendinitis of the proximal aspect of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses: 12 cases (2000-2006), J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1432, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  9. James F, Ross MW: Unpublished data, 2008.
  10. Genovese R, Longo K, Berthold B, et al: Quantitative sonographic assessment in the clinical management of superficial digital flexor injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:285, 1997.
  11. Pacini S, Spinabella S, Trombi L, et al: Suspension of bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cells for repair of superficial digital flexor tendon in racehorses, Tissue Eng 13:2949, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Smith RK: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for equine tendinopathy, Disabil Rehabil 30:1752, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Dyson SJ: Medical management of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparative study in 219 horses, Equine Vet J 36:415, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Jorgensen J, Genovese R: Unpublished data, 2001.
  15. Genovese R, Jorgensen J: Clinical use of β-aminopropionitrile-fumarate (Bapten) in superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in racehorses. Proceedings of the Ohio Veterinary Medical Association, Columbus, Ohio, 1999.
  16. Gillis C: Rehabilitation of tendon and ligament injuries, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:306, 1997.
  17. Silver I, Brown AE, Goodship LE, et al: A clinical and experimental study of tendon injury, healing and treatment in the horse, Equine Vet J Suppl 1:1, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Genovese R, et al: Superficial digital flexor tendonitis long term sonographic and clinical study of racehorses. Proceedings of the First Dubai International Equine Symposium, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 1996.
  19. Alves ALG, Rodrigues MAM, Aguiar AJA, et al: Effects of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate and exercise on equine tendon healing: gross and histological aspects, J Equine Vet Sci 21:335, 2001.
  20. Genovese R: Sonographic response to intra-lesional therapy with β-aminopropionitrile-fumarate for clinical tendon injuries in horses, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 38:265, 1992.
  21. Reef V, Genovese R, Davis W: Initial long-term results of horses with superficial digital flexor tendonitis treated with intra-lesional β-aminopropionitrile-fumarate, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:301, 1997.
  22. Spurlock SL: Treatment of acute superficial flexor tendon injuries in performance horses with high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate, J Equine Vet Sci 19:338, 1999.
  23. Dyson S: Treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparison of conservative management, sodium hyaluronate and glycosaminoglycan polysulfate, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:297, 1997.
  24. Dyson S: Medical management of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparative study in 219 horses (1992-2000), Equine Vet J 36:415, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
Surgical Management of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
  1. Ross MW: Surgical management of superficial digital flexor tendinitis, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:291, 1997.
  2. Bramlage LR: Superior check ligament desmotomy as a treatment for superficial digital flexor tendinitis: initial report, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 32:365, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Bramlage LR, Rantanen NW, Genovese RL, et al: Long-term effects of surgical treatment of superficial digital flexor tendinitis by superior check desmotomy, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 34:655, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Bramlage LR, Hogan P: Career results of 137 Thoroughbred racehorses that have undergone superior check ligament desmotomy for treatment of tendinitis, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 42:162, 1996.
  5. Hogan PM, Bramlage LR: Transection of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon for treatment of tendinitis: long term results in 61 Standardbred racehorses (1985-1992), Equine Vet J 27:221, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Ordidge RM: Comparison of three methods of treating superficial digital flexor tendinitis in the racing Thoroughbred by transection of its accessory ligament alone (proximal check ligament desmotomy) or in combination with either intra-lesional injections of hyaluronidase or tendon splitting, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 42:164, 1996.
  7. Wheat JD: New aspects on the pathology of tendon injury, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 8:27, 1962.
  8. Rooney JR, Genovese RL: A survey and analysis of bowed tendon in Thoroughbred racehorses, J Equine Vet Sci 2:49, 1981.
  9. Gillis C: Rehabilitation of tendon and ligament injuries, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:306, 1997.
  10. Gibson KT, Burbidge HM, Pfeiffer DU: Superficial digital flexor tendonitis in Thoroughbred race horses outcome following non-surgical treatment and superior check desmotomy, Aust Vet J 75:631, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Hawkins JF, Ross MW: Transection of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor muscle for the treatment of superficial digital flexor tendinitis in Standardbreds: 40 cases (1988-1992), J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:674, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Reef VB, Martin BB, Stebbins K, et al: Comparison of ultrasonographic, gross, and histologic appearance of tendon injuries in performance horses, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 35:279, 1989.
  13. Dyson SJ: Personal communication, 2001.
  14. Allen AK: Experience with ultrasound-guided tendon puncture or splitting, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 38:273, 1992.
  15. Southwood LL, Stashak TS, Kainer RA: Tenoscopic anatomy of the equine carpal flexor synovial sheath, Vet Surg 27:150, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Shoemaker RS, Bertone AL, Mohammad LN, et al: Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor muscle in equine cadaver limbs, Vet Surg 4:245, 1991. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Alexander GR, Gibson KT, Day RE, et al: Effects of superior check desmotomy on flexor tendon and suspensory ligament strain in equine cadaver limbs, Vet Surg 30:522, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Nixon AJ, Sams AE, Ducharme NG: Endoscopically assisted annular ligament release in horses, Vet Surg 22:501, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Denoix J-M, Guizien I, Perrot P, et al: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of spontaneous injuries of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (proximal check ligament) in 23 horses, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 41:142, 1995.
  20. Chesen AB, Dabareiner RM, Chaffin MK, et al: Tendinitis of the proximal aspect of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses: 12 cases (2000-2006), J Am Vet Med Assoc 234:1432, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  21. James F, Ross MW: Unpublished data, 2008.
  22. Asheim A: Surgical treatment of tendon injuries in the horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 145:447, 1964. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Silver I, Brown P, Goodship A, et al: A clinical and experimental study of tendon injury, healing and treatment in the horse, Equine Vet J Suppl 1:1, 1983. PUBMED Abstract
  24. Stromberg B, Tufvesson G, Nilsson G: Effect of surgical splitting on vascular reactions in the superficial flexor tendon of the horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 164:57, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
  25. Henninger RW, Bramlage LR, Schneider RK: Short-term effects of superior check ligament desmotomy and percutaneous tendon splitting as a treatment for acute tendonitis, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 36:539, 1990.
  26. Henninger RW, Bramlage LR, Bailey M, et al: Effects of tendon splitting on experimentally induced acute equine tendinitis, Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 5:1, 1992.
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in Event Horses, Show Jumpers, Dressage Horses, and Pleasure Horses
  1. Murray R, Dyson S, Tranquille C, et al: Association of type of sport and performance level with anatomical site of orthopaedic injury and injury diagnosis, Equine Vet J Suppl 36:411, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Singer E, Barnes J, Saxby F, et al: Injuries in the event horse: training versus competition, Vet J 175:76, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Dyson S: Superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in teenage and older horses, Equine Vet Educ 19:187, 2007.
  4. Dyson S: Treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparison of conservative management, sodium hyaluronate and glycosaminoglycan polysulfate, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 43:297, 1997.
  5. Dyson S: Medical management of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparative study in 219 horses (1992-2000), Equine Vet J 36:415, 2004.
  6. Smith R: Personal communication, 2008 and 2010.
  7. Gibson K, Snyder J, Spiers S: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of soft tissue injuries in horses competing at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, Equine Vet Educ 14:149, 2002.
  8. Smith L, Mair T: Rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon in a forelimb in 9 mature horses, Equine Vet Educ 19:183, 2007.